高考英语词汇辨析(1)
1. allow.
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事.= allow doing但不能allow to do sth.
1. You shouldn’t allow games near the classroom for it’s too noisy.
A. student playing B. to play C. students to play D. to playing
解：C.
2. stand.
stand for赞成；stand by支持；stand against反对；stand up起立；stand by旁观，stand by sb.支持某人.
1. They will you even though you don’t succeed.
A. stand for B. stand up C. stand against D. stand by
2. When the house was on fire，they just .
A. stood in B. stood up C. stood for D. stood by
3. A space voyage requires that all equipment should extreme heat and powerful radiation.
A. stand up to B. stand by C. stand up for D. stand for
1-3解：DDA.
3. be up to胜任.
1. – Do you know what the children are ?
- Sorry , I don’t know , but if you like, you can it.
A. up for, see with B. up to, see to C. up at, see off D. up with, see to
解：B.
4. lay the foundation of表示“奠定…的基础”.
1. The two leaders have the foundations of a new era in cooperation between their countries.
A. laid B. lied C. lain D. set
解：A.
5. wait for（等候，等待）；wait on （伺候，接待）.
1. She entered the big shop and looked around for a salesman .
A. to wait for her B. waiting for her C. to wait on her D. waiting on her
解：C 词语辨析与不定式问题.思路：①辨析：wait for（等候，等待）；wait on （伺候；接待），后者符合题意，②根据题意，“她环顾四周”的目的是想“找一个售货员来接待她”，因而须用一个不定式来作目的状语.
6. pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…
1. The boy pretended when his mother entered.
A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read
解：选C. pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…，pretend只能接不定式.
7. cheat.
1. The young man has cheated the old lady
A. 300 yuan B. at 300 yuan C. for 300 yuan D. of 300 yuan
解：D 动词搭配问题.说明：cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人的某物. 有类似搭配的还有：rob sb. of sth.抢夺某人的某物. 如：The war robbed him of his wife and children. （战争夺去了他的妻子儿女）
8. by and by =soon.
1. The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back .
A. by and by B. one by one C. after a while D. long before
解：A. 习惯用语问题.本题句意为：那年轻妇女在英国留学已两年，她不久就要回国了.辨析：四个选项中，by and by =soon, before long（不久以后），正符合题意.其余三个是；one by one（一个接一个地），after a while（过了一会儿）和long before（很久以前），都不合题意.
9. little money；small money/ change.
1. I’m sorry , I don’t have money on .
A. little; me B. little; myself C. small; me D. small; myself
解：C词语辨析问题.辨析：①little money（几乎没有什么钱），（small money/ change零钱）；②have sth. on/about/with sb. 表示“（身上带）有”，其中sb.只能用人称代词的宾格（见本题）.又如：I’m sorry I’ve no money with me.
10. sleep（睡觉），sleep late（起床晚，睡懒觉），go to sleep = fall asleep（入睡），go to bed（上床，去睡觉）.
1.The boy was so excited in bed that he at about 11 pm last night.
A. slept B. slept late C. went to sleep D. went to bed
解：C 词语辨析问题.本题句意为：那男孩躺在床上，十分激动，以致大约晚11点左右才入睡.辨析：sleep（睡觉），sleep late（起床晚，睡懒觉），go to sleep = fall asleep（入睡），go to bed（上床，去睡觉）.
11 get/receive a letter in reply（见本题）；get/receive a reply to one’s letter; get/ receive an answer to one’s letter收到回信.
1. – Have you received my ?
– Yes, It reached me only two days ago.
A. answer letter B. answering letter C. reply letter D. letter in reply
解：D 习惯用语问题.说明：“收到回信”可用下列方式表达：get/receive a letter in reply（见本题）；get/receive a reply to one’s letter; get/ receive an answer to one’s letter等.对策：遇到此类问题时，应特别注意中英两种语言各自独有的表达习惯，切忌“生搬硬套”的Chinese English.
12. turn.
turn in = hand in；turn out 翻出来，原来是；by turns人轮流做；in turns排队，轮流；turn up出现；turn down拒绝；turn off 关掉，转换车道.
1. I have my dictionary because there are too many new words in this article.
A. turned B. to turn C. turn to D. to turn to
解：D 动词搭配问题.思路：①根据上下文，考查点的空白处应填入“查阅 (turn to); ②由于句中的谓误动词是have , turn to又不可能作 have的并列谓语，因而必须用非谓语动词形式 to turn to.注意：其中第一个 to是不定式符号，而第二个to是介词.
2. That’s he bell. Please your test papers .
A. turn in；in turn B. turn on；in turns C. turn in；by turn D. turn on；by turns
解：选A. turn in = hand in，in turn轮流.
3. The police told the suspected thief to his pocket.
A. turn up B. turn in C. turn out D. turn down
4. The manager his request for a day off.
A. turned off B. turned down C. turned away D. turned out
5. Don’t let yourself be by people who try to sell thing at the door.
A. turned down B. turned off C. taken in D. taken to
6. There were six of us in the boat， so we rowed .
A. by turn B. in turn C. by turn D. in turn
7. I want John to two essays every week.
A. turn out B. turn up C. turn in D. turn for
8. We the motorway at exit2.
A. turn for B. turn on C. turn off D. turn to
3-8解：选CBCCCC.
13.wide.
widely（副词）意为：“广泛的”，表抽象概念，而wide作副词表具体概念，此处意为“大大的”.
[注意] wide也可作adj.
1. He’d like to sleep with the window at night.
A. open wide B. open widely C. wide open D. opened wide
解：选C. 本句中形容词作介词with 的宾补，widely（副词）意为：“广泛的”，表抽象概念，而wide作副词表具体概念，此处意为“大大的”. 而open为adj.，故用adv.→adj.
14. pay back报复，偿还；pay off还清；pay for支付…的费用；pay out付出巨款.
1. The teacher’s efforts when one of his students was admitted to Beijing University last summer.
A. paid back B. paid off C. paid for D. paid out
解：选B. pay back报复，偿还；pay off还清；pay for支付…的费用；pay out付出巨款.
2. Can you lend me ＄100? And I’ll on Friday.
A. pay for you B. pay off you C. pay you back D. pay you out
解：选C. pay for 后接“所购之物”，意为“支付”；pay off 后常接debts ，意为“尝清（债务）”，后接某人时，意为“发清工资解雇（某人）”；pay back 意为“偿还”；pay out 意为“支付；还债”.
15. gain one day快一天.
1. As we all know， if we are flying to New York from Beijing，we will one day.
A. miss B. win C. gain D. lose
解：选C. gain one day快一天.
16. end.
end up with 以…结束；end up in failure或victory或successful.
1. The man whom I think to be a black sheep in our village will the imprisonment.
A. end up with B. be ended up with C. end up in D. be ended up in
解：选A.
17. be worried about，be concerned for.
1. The child’s mother was very for his safety when he didn’t come back from school at the usual time.
A. afraid B. worried C. concerned D. careful
解：选C. be worried about = be concerned for 表示“关心”.
18. heart and soul 意为“全心全意”.
1. As far as I know，his father always devotes himself heart and to his scientific research.
A. head B. soul C. foot D. mind
解：选B. heart and soul 意为“全心全意”.
19. distance.
1. The picture looks more beautiful .
A. at distance B. at a distance C. in distance D. in the distance
解：选B. at a distance表示“在稍远处”.
20. before.
⑴before表示“在……的前面”，等于in front of，二者常可通用. 如：He sat before me. = He sat in front of me. 他坐在我前面.
⑵ before表示“直到……”，before，until两者可以互换的情况：
①如果主句谓语动词是终止性动词，只能用它们的否定式.这类动词有：open， start， leave，arrive，finish，stop，tell 等. 如：I didn’t leave the poor child until / be fore his mother came back./ Don’t open the door until / be fore the train stops.
②当主句谓语动词是持续性动词时，可用其肯定式.这类动词有：stand，stay，wait，be，talk等. 一般现在时表将来. 如：I will wait until / before he comes to my help ./ I shall stay here until / before you come back.
③在肯定句中，当主句谓语动词是终止性动词时，只能用before. 如：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
④当主句谓语动词受表示一段时间的状语修饰时，只能用before. 如：It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.
⑶当强调从句谓语动词来不及发生时，一般也只用before，常译为“不等……就”.如：Before I could get in a word he had measured me. / He went out before the meeting started .
⑷①before long的意思是“不久以后”其句中的谓语动词可用现在、过去或将来时态. 如：I hope to see you before long 希望不久以后能见到你.
②long before 的意思是“好久以前”其句中的谓语动词用过去时态或完成时态. 如：That happened long before .（= It was long before that happened ）那是很久以前发生的事.
⑸It wasn’t long before …是个常用句型，意为“不久”.如：It was not long before we got there. 不久，我们到达那儿.
1. It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
解：选D.
2. It five years before we again，let’s keep in touch by writing letters.
A. will be；meet B. is；meet C. will be；will meet D. was；met with
解：选A.
3. will be years we meet again.
A. There；since B. There；after C. It；that D. It；before
解：选D. before在时间上可表某时间之前也可表某时间之后.
